SQL Server CASE Statement

The SQL Server CASE statement evaluates a list of conditions and returns one of multiple possible result expressions.

Although it’s commonly known as the “CASE statement”, the SQL Server documentation lists it as an expression. Plus it’s referred to as the “CASE expression” in the SQL standard. Some other DBMSs distinguish between the CASE statement and the CASE expression. Either way, here’s a quick rundown on how the “CASE statement” (or CASE expression) works in SQL Server.

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SQL NVL2() Explained

Some DBMSs have an NVL2() function that allows us to replace a value with another value, the new value being determined by whether or not the initial value is null.

It’s similar to the NVL() function, except that NVL2() accepts exactly three arguments. This allows us to specify a different value to return in the event the first argument is not null.

In contrast, with the NVL() function, some DBMSs accept only two arguments (which makes the function a synonym for the IFNULL() function) while others accept an unlimited number of arguments (which makes it a synonym for the COALESCE() function).

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Oracle CASE Statement

In Oracle Database, the CASE statement compares a list of conditions and returns one of multiple possible expressions.

Oracle Database’s CASE statement is very similar to the CASE expression (which is defined in the SQL standard (ISO/IEC 9075)). However, Oracle supports both the CASE expression and the CASE statement, and there’s a distinction between the two. The CASE statement can be used to execute of a sequence of PL/SQL statements, whereas the CASE expression returns a single value. Also, there’s a difference in how they deal with the lack of an ELSE clause when a condition is not met.

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Oracle CASE Expression

In Oracle Database, the CASE expression compares a list of conditions and returns one of multiple possible expressions. It allows us to use IF … THEN … ELSE logic in SQL statements without having to invoke procedures.

The CASE expression is included in the SQL standard (ISO/IEC 9075), and most major RDBMSs support it.

Oracle also has a CASE statement that’s very similar to the CASE expression, but with some minor differences.

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