In MariaDB, CHAR_LENGTH() is a built-in string function that returns the length of the given string argument, measured in characters.

In MariaDB, BIT_LENGTH() is a built in string function that returns the length of the given string argument in bits.

You provide the string as an argument when you call the function.

In MariaDB, BIN() is a built in string function that returns a string representation of the binary value of the given longlong (i.e. BIGINT) number.

You provide the longlong number when you call the function.

In MariaDB, CHAR() is a built-in string function that returns characters based on their code values.

CHAR() accepts one or more integers. It then returns a string consisting of the characters given by the code values of those integers.

In MariaDB, CHR() is a built-in string function that returns a character based on the code values provided as an argument.

In MariaDB, ORD() is a built-in string function that returns the numeric character code of the leftmost character of its string argument.

The ORD() function can handle multi-byte characters. This is in contrast to the ASCII() function, which only handles single-byte (8 bit) characters.

In MariaDB, ASCII() is a built-in string function that returns the numeric ASCII value of the leftmost character of its string argument.

The ASCII() function only works on 8 bit characters. To get the code for multi-byte characters, use the ORD() function instead.