You can use the sys.triggers catalog view to return a list of triggers in a database in SQL Server.

This view contains a row for each object that is a trigger, with a type of TR or TA. 

Example

Here’s an example of querying sys.triggers:

SELECT * FROM sys.triggers;

Result (using vertical output):

-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------------------
name                   | trg_Books_UpdateModifiedDate
object_id              | 1669580986
parent_class           | 1
parent_class_desc      | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN
parent_id              | 1605580758
type                   | TR
type_desc              | SQL_TRIGGER
create_date            | 2020-08-16 00:35:09.880
modify_date            | 2020-08-16 00:35:09.880
is_ms_shipped          | 0
is_disabled            | 0
is_not_for_replication | 0
is_instead_of_trigger  | 0
(1 row affected)

I used vertical output in this example so that you don’t have to scroll sideways.

In my case, I’ve only got one trigger in this database.

If I switch to a different database, I get the triggers in that database. If the database contains no triggers, then I get no results.

USE WideWorldImporters;
SELECT * FROM sys.triggers;

Result:

Commands completed successfully.
(0 rows affected)

Server Triggers

If you need to return a list of server triggers, use sys.server_triggers instead of sys.triggers.

That view returns all server-level DDL triggers with object_type of TR or TA.