You can run the following statement to return a list of available character sets in MySQL:

SHOW CHARACTER SET;

This returns a list displaying the character set name, a description, its default collation, and its maximum length.

You can also narrow it down with the LIKE clause:

SHOW CHARACTER SET
LIKE 'latin%';

In MySQL 8.0.11, this returns the following list:

Charset	Description	Default collation	Maxlen
latin1	cp1252 West European	latin1_swedish_ci	1
latin2	ISO 8859-2 Central European	latin2_general_ci	1
latin5	ISO 8859-9 Turkish	latin5_turkish_ci	1
latin7	ISO 8859-13 Baltic	latin7_general_ci	1

And you can also use the WHERE clause to provide an expression:

SHOW CHARACTER SET
WHERE Description LIKE '%Thai%';

Result:

Charset	Description	Default collation	Maxlen
tis620	TIS620 Thai	tis620_thai_ci	1

You can also use SHOW COLLATION to display a list of collations supported by the server.