Database Management Systems
The MERGE statement is a versatile feature introduced in SQL Server 2008 that allows the combination of INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations into a single statement. When paired with the OUTPUT clause, it becomes even more powerful by enabling us to capture the results of these actions, providing us visibility into what changes occurred during the merge.
In this article, we’ll walk through an example that uses the OUTPUT clause during a MERGE operation in SQL Server.
If you’ve gone through the steps for changing the default fill factor in SQL Server, but it doesn’t seem to be taking effect on newly created indexes, it could be because you’ve missed one or two crucial steps.
This issue can also be seen by comparing the value and value_in_use columns when querying the sys.configuration view or using sp_configure to view the current setting.
You may be familiar with SQL Server error 4104 that reads something like “The multi-part identifier “DELETED.Name” could not be bound“, which tells us that the “multi-part identifier” couldn’t be bound.
You may have seen this error when performing joins across tables when using the wrong table prefix for a column or using the table name instead of its alias. But that’s not the only place we can get this error.
If you’re getting this error while using the OUTPUT clause (which we can use during INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE operations), then it could be that you’ve accidentally used the wrong prefix for the affected column/s.
The \di command can be used to list indexes in the current database when using psql (PostgreSQL’s command-line tool). This meta-command can display all indexes, or just indexes that match certain patterns. Here’s an in-depth explanation of how \di works, its options, and examples of its various uses.
Below is a query that we can use to quickly identify unused indexes in SQL Server. More specifically, it returns indexes that are updated, but not used.
Continue readingOccasionally we might want to check to see how long SQL Server has been running uninterrupted. For example, how long has SQL Server been running? Or when was the last restart?
Fortunately there are a multitude of ways we can go about this. Some of these methods involve checking the event viewer or going through the SMSS GUI. But here are four ways we can do it with a T-SQL query.
Continue readingIf you’re running a subquery in SQL Server, but you’re getting error 102 that reads something like “Incorrect syntax near ‘;’“, there could be any number of reasons, because this is a generic error that simply means wrong syntax.
But one possible cause could be that you haven’t declared an alias for the subquery.
Continue readingIn PostgreSQL, domains are basically data types with optional constraints. We can create them as a kind of user-defined data type, and then reuse them in our columns going forward.
As with any user-created object, we sometimes need to see a list of existing domains in a PostgreSQL database. Listing all domains can be useful for database management, documentation, or troubleshooting.
This article will show you how to retrieve a list of all domains in your PostgreSQL database.
Continue readingIf you’re using the MERGE statement in SQL Server to merge data between tables, you may or may not be aware that the statement gives us the ability to check which rows were affected by the MERGE operation, as well as how they were affected.
To get this info, we can use the OUTPUT clause along with the $action argument.
Primary keys are fundamental to relational database design, ensuring each row in a table can be uniquely identified. They help to maintain data integrity in our databases.
There are many ways to find the primary key column in SQL Server, but sometimes we might need to identify the name of the primary key constraint itself.
Below are three examples of how we can do this.
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