SQLite is a popular, lightweight, SQL-based relational database engine, frequently used in applications where a full database management system isn’t necessary. Among its various features, SQLite offers built-in functions to track the number of changes made to the database during operations, and one of these functions is total_changes().
In this article, we’ll discuss what the total_changes() function does, how it can be used, and provide examples to illustrate its functionality.
SQLite is a lightweight, self-contained, and highly reliable SQL database engine used widely for developing and testing small-scale applications. One unique feature of SQLite is the set of “dot commands” used in the SQLite command-line interface (CLI) to execute various actions related to database management, navigation, and configuration.
These dot commands are not part of SQL syntax itself but provide a convenient way to manage and interact with SQLite databases.
In SQLite, the degrees() function is used to convert an angle from radians to degrees. In trigonometry, angles are commonly measured in either radians or degrees, and this function helps to easily switch from one unit to the other.
In SQLite, the SIN() function calculates the sine of an angle specified in radians.
This is a fundamental trigonometric function that returns a value between -1 and 1, representing the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
The log2() function in SQLite calculates the base-2 logarithm of a given number.
This function can be useful for scenarios such as binary calculations, information theory, or situations where the base-2 logarithm is needed.
The tanh() function in SQLite calculates the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
The hyperbolic tangent is the ratio of hyperbolic sine to hyperbolic cosine, producing values between -1 and 1.
The SQLite TRUNC() function is used to truncate a number to an integer. It returns the integer part of its argument rounding toward zero.
TRUNC()is similar to CEIL() and FLOOR(), except that TRUNC() always rounds toward zero. CEIL() on the other hand, always rounds up, and FLOOR() always rounds down.
The LOG() function in SQLite calculates the logarithm of a given number to a specified base, with 10 being the default base.
This is helpful for logarithmic transformations or calculations requiring a specific base (e.g., base 10 for common logarithms or base 2 for binary logarithms).
In SQLite, the ceil() and ceiling() functions are used to return the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to a given number. They both serve the same purpose, and either function can be used interchangeably.
The RADIANS() function in SQLite is a mathematical function that converts an angle from degrees to radians. This can be handy when working with trigonometric calculations in your database queries, as some mathematical functions (such as SIN(), TAN()) expect angles in radians rather than degrees.