In PostgreSQL, the trunc() function truncates a number.
More specifically, it truncates the number either toward zero, or to a specific number of decimal places.
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How Ceiling() Works in PostgreSQL
In PostgreSQL, the ceiling() function is used for rounding a number up to the nearest integer.
It’s similar to round(), except that it only rounds up. The round() function will round up or down as required.
It’s also similar to floor(), except that floor() rounds down instead of up.
How Floor() Works in PostgreSQL
In PostgreSQL, the floor() function is used for rounding a number down to the nearest integer.
It’s basically the opposite of ceiling(), which rounds a number up.
It’s also similar to round(), except that it only rounds down. The round() function will round up or down as required.
How Round() Works in PostgreSQL
In PostgreSQL, the round() function is used for rounding a number.
The function can work in one of two ways, depending on how you use it. You can make it round the number to the nearest integer, or to a specified number of decimal places.
This is determined by the number of arguments you pass to the function when you call it.
How to_char() Works in PostgreSQL
In Postgres, to_char() is a data type formatting function that converts its first argument to a string.
The format of the string is determined by the second argument.
The to_char() function can be used to do the following conversions:
- time stamp to string
- interval to string
- integer to string
- real/double precision to string
- numeric to string
How iif() Works in SQLite
In SQLite, iif() is a conditional function that returns the second or third argument based on the evaluation of the first argument.
It’s logically equivalent to CASE WHEN X THEN Y ELSE Z END.
iif() is an abbreviation for Immediate IF.
The iif() function was introduced in SQLite 3.32.0, which was released on 22 May 2020.
What is a Generated Column?
Some database management systems (DBMSs) include a feature called generated columns.
Also known as “computed columns”, generated columns are similar to a normal column, except that a generated column’s value is derived from an expression that computes values from other columns.
In other words, a generated column’s value is computed from other columns.
How ON CONFLICT Works in SQLite
SQLite has the ON CONFLICT clause that allows you to specify how to handle constraint conflicts. It applies to UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK, and PRIMARY KEY constraints (but not FOREIGN KEY constraints).
There are five possible options you can use with this clause:
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This article provides examples and an explanation of each of these options.
The ON CONFLICT clause is used in CREATE TABLE statements, but it can also be used when inserting or updating data by replacing ON CONFLICT with OR.