In MariaDB, UPPER()
is a built-in string function that returns its string argument with all characters changed to uppercase.
The result is returned in the current character set mapping. The default is latin1
(cp1252 West European).
Another MariaDB function, UCASE()
is a synonym for UPPER()
.
Syntax
The syntax goes like this:
UPPER(str)
Where str
is the string to convert to uppercase.
Example
Here’s a basic example:
SELECT UPPER('Coffee');
Result:
+-----------------+ | UPPER('Coffee') | +-----------------+ | COFFEE | +-----------------+
A Database Example
Here’s an example of converting the results of a database query to uppercase:
SELECT
PetName,
UPPER(PetName)
FROM Pets;
Result:
+---------+----------------+ | PetName | UPPER(PetName) | +---------+----------------+ | Fluffy | FLUFFY | | Fetch | FETCH | | Scratch | SCRATCH | | Wag | WAG | | Tweet | TWEET | | Fluffy | FLUFFY | | Bark | BARK | | Meow | MEOW | +---------+----------------+
Binary Strings
The UPPER()
function doesn’t work on binary strings (BINARY
, VARBINARY
, BLOB
).
Example:
SELECT UPPER(BINARY 'Coffee');
Result:
+------------------------+ | UPPER(BINARY 'Coffee') | +------------------------+ | Coffee | +------------------------+
Null Arguments
Passing null
returns null
:
SELECT UPPER(null);
Result:
+-------------+ | UPPER(null) | +-------------+ | NULL | +-------------+
Missing Argument
Calling UPPER()
without passing any arguments results in an error:
SELECT UPPER();
Result:
ERROR 1582 (42000): Incorrect parameter count in the call to native function 'UPPER'